Some others pointed out that a return on investment could only be obtained when there was both a sufficient number of users and sufficient frequency of use. For example, some point out that because of the rigid model imposed by SAP tools, a lot of customization code to adapt to the business process may have to be developed and maintained. Independent studies have shown that deployment and maintenance costs of a SAP solution can vary depending on the organization. Midsized companies (fewer than 1,000 employees) are more likely to spend around $10 million to $20 million at most, and small companies are not likely to have the need for a fully integrated SAP ERP system unless they have the likelihood of becoming midsized and then the same data applies as would a midsized company. Full implementation of all modules can take years', which also adds to the end price. Large companies can also spend $50 million to $100 million on upgrades. It is estimated that 'for a Fortune 500 company, software, hardware, and consulting costs can easily exceed $100 million (around $50 million to $500 million).
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